Objective: To describe the methodology of evaluating the response of cancer patients to interventions directed at lowering severity of multiple symptoms, and to compare two arms of a symptom management trial to determine factors associated with response and time to response.
Study design and setting: Randomized trial comparing a nurse-assisted symptom management (NASM) cognitive-behavioral intervention with an automated telephone symptom management (ATSM). Patients in both arms received six intervention contacts over 8 weeks. Analyses of the intervention contact data for 190 patients in NASM arm and 164 patients in the ATSM arm were conducted. Severities of 15 cancer-related symptoms were assessed at each intervention contact, and an anchor-based definition of response was adopted. Analyses were carried out using generalized estimating equations and Cox marginal proportional hazard models.
Results: When compared with patients in the NASM, patients in the ATSM had better response to manage anxiety, depression, poor appetite, cough, and fatigue. NASM was more successful in managing cancer pain. Response and time to response were associated with several patient and disease characteristics.
Conclusion: The approach described here presents an analytic and clinical improvement over methods that examine each symptom separately or use summed scores of severity.