Thermal aggregation and ion-induced cold-gelation of bovine serum albumin

Eur Biophys J. 2009 Apr;38(4):437-46. doi: 10.1007/s00249-008-0389-6. Epub 2009 Jan 9.

Abstract

Protein cold-gelation has recently received particular attention for its relevance in bio and food technology. In this work, we report a study on bovine serum albumin cold-gelation induced by copper or zinc ions. Metal-induced cold-gelation of proteins requires two steps: during the first one, the heat treatment causes protein partial unfolding and aggregation; then, after cooling the solution to room temperature, gels are formed upon the addition of metal ions. The thermally induced behaviour has been mainly investigated through different techniques: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and rheology. Data have shown that the aggregation process is mainly due to protein conformational changes--alpha-helices into beta-aggregates-forming small aggregated structures with a mean diameter of about 20 nm a few minutes after heating. After metal ion addition, the viscoelastic properties of the gels have been investigated by rheological measurements. The behaviour of the elastic and viscous moduli as a function of time is discussed in terms of ion concentration and type. Our results show that: (1) the elastic behaviour depends on ion concentration and (2) at a given ion concentration, gels obtained in the presence of zinc exhibit an elastic value larger than that observed in the Cu(2+) case. Data suggest that cold-gelation is the result of different mechanisms: the ion-mediated protein-protein interaction and the bridging effect due to the presence of divalent ions in solution.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cattle
  • Circular Dichroism
  • Copper / chemistry*
  • Elasticity
  • Kinetics
  • Light
  • Protein Folding
  • Protein Structure, Secondary
  • Rheology
  • Scattering, Radiation
  • Serum Albumin, Bovine / chemistry*
  • Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
  • Temperature*
  • Time Factors
  • Zinc / chemistry*

Substances

  • Serum Albumin, Bovine
  • Copper
  • Zinc