A novel method for oral delivery of apolipoprotein mimetic peptides synthesized from all L-amino acids

J Lipid Res. 2009 Aug;50(8):1538-47. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M800539-JLR200. Epub 2009 Feb 18.

Abstract

Administered subcutaneously, D-4F or L-4F are equally efficacious, but only D-4F is orally efficacious because of digestion of L-4F by gut proteases. Orally administering niclosamide (a chlorinated salicylanilide used as a molluscicide, antihelminthic, and lampricide) in temporal proximity to oral L-4F (but not niclosamide alone) in apoE null mice resulted in significant improvement (P < 0.001) in the HDL-inflammatory index (HII), which measures the ability of HDL to inhibit LDL-induced monocyte chemotactic activity in endothelial cell cultures. Oral administration of L-[113-122]apoJ with niclosamide also resulted in significant improvement (P < 0.001) in HII. Oral administration of niclosamide and L-4F together with pravastatin to female apoE null mice at 9.5 months of age for six months significantly reduced aortic sinus lesion area (P = 0.02), en face lesion area (P = 0.033), and macrophage lesion area (P = 0.02) compared with pretreatment, indicating lesion regression. In contrast, lesions were significantly larger in mice receiving only niclosamide and pravastatin or L-4F and pravastatin (P < 0.001). In vitro niclosamide and L-4F tightly associated rendering the peptide resistant to trypsin digestion. Niclosamide itself did not inhibit trypsin activity. The combination of niclosamide with apolipoprotein mimetic peptides appears to be a promising method for oral delivery of these peptides.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Oral
  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / administration & dosage*
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacology
  • Anticholesteremic Agents / pharmacology
  • Apolipoprotein A-I / administration & dosage
  • Apolipoprotein A-I / pharmacology
  • Apolipoproteins E / deficiency
  • Atherosclerosis / drug therapy
  • Biological Availability
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Inflammation / blood
  • Lipoproteins / immunology
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Molecular Mimicry
  • Niclosamide / administration & dosage*
  • Niclosamide / chemistry
  • Niclosamide / pharmacology
  • Peptides / administration & dosage*
  • Peptides / blood
  • Peptides / chemistry
  • Peptides / pharmacology
  • Pravastatin / pharmacology
  • Protein Structure, Secondary / drug effects

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
  • Anticholesteremic Agents
  • Apolipoprotein A-I
  • Apolipoproteins E
  • D-4F peptide
  • L-4F peptide
  • Lipoproteins
  • Peptides
  • Niclosamide
  • Pravastatin