Ocular fixation instabilities in motor neurone disease. A marker of frontal lobe dysfunction?

J Neurol. 2009 Mar;256(3):420-6. doi: 10.1007/s00415-009-0109-x. Epub 2009 Mar 18.

Abstract

Objective: Eye movements are classically felt to be spared in motor neurone disease (MND). Although a range of ocular motor disorders have been reported, no consistent pattern has been established. Disturbances of ocular fixation have been noted in MND; however, fixation has not yet been formally examined. With the recent characterization of ocular fixation using saccadic intrusion amplitude and fixation periods, we performed a cross-sectional study to examine for abnormalities of ocular fixation in non-dementing patients with MND.

Methods: A total of 44 patients and 45 controls were recruited. Fixation was examined using infra-red oculography and all subjects then underwent a neuropsychological evaluation.

Results: Saccadic intrusion amplitude was found to be greater in patients compared to controls and in particular, spinal-onset patients. Saccadic intrusion amplitude in patients correlated with neuropsychological measures sensitive to lesions of the frontal lobes.

Conclusions: This is the first study to identify abnormalities of fixation in MND and these results indicate that ocular fixation instabilities may be a marker of the sub-clinical frontal lobe dysfunction in MND. A longitudinal study to examine if saccadic intrusion amplitude deteriorates with time would be of interest as this could provide a quantifiable objective marker of disease progression.

MeSH terms

  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Eye Movement Measurements
  • Female
  • Fixation, Ocular*
  • Frontal Lobe / physiopathology
  • Humans
  • Linear Models
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Motor Neuron Disease / complications*
  • Neuropsychological Tests
  • Ocular Motility Disorders / complications*
  • Saccades