Background: Leukoerythroblastosis is characterized by the presence of leukocytosis and erythroid and myeloid blast cells in the peripheral blood. The most common etiological factors of leukoerythroblastosis occurring during early childhood are viral infections, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, and osteopetrosis. To our knowledge, an association with parvovirus B19 infection has only been reported in a preterm infant. Human parvovirus B19 has been associated with red cell aplasia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia.
Case report: The case of a very low birth weight preterm infant with transient leukoerythroblastosis associated with parvovirus B19 infection is described.
Conclusions: Leukoerythroblastosis has to be kept in mind if a very high leukocyte count is detected in the neonatal period, and parvovirus B19 infection should be taken into consideration as the etiological factor for this entity.