Bovine brucellosis is a major animal health problem in the Republic of Korea. Further, a number of human cases of brucellosis have recently been detected. This paper provides an overview of surveillance (to detect new cases) and control (to clear infection following case detection) of bovine brucellosis in the Republic of Korea during 2000-2006. Using data from AIMS (the national animal infectious disease data management system), we conducted separate descriptive analyses, initially using farm and then episode as our unit of interest. An episode was defined as a period of compulsory herd trading restriction, following detection of infection with Brucella abortus in one or more cattle. We also identified risk factors for two measures of disease control: episode duration (logistic generalised estimating equation model) and time to re-restriction (Cox's proportional-hazard model). There were 8530 and 52,739 reactor farms and reactor cattle, respectively, during 2000-2006. From 2004 to 2006, there was a substantial increase in the number of new outbreaks, particularly within the beef sector. The probability of a prolonged episode (>150 days) and the hazard of a second episode each increased with herd size. Further, the hazard of a second episode was higher in 2005 (compared with other years) and in the southeast of Korea (compared with other provinces). The effect of outbreak size on control varied between the beef and dairy sectors. The increase in beef cattle reactors in 2004-2006 is closely aligned to an increase in surveillance effort. Nonetheless, it is likely that this is a genuine reflection of the recent establishment and spread of brucellosis in the Korean beef cattle population. The recent increase in surveillance coverage in the beef sector is central to national eradication efforts. Current strategies to control infection following detection have generally been effective, leading to rapid clearance of infection on most farms. Control becomes problematic with increasing herd size. This work provides a detailed insight into surveillance and control of bovine brucellosis in Korea, and should assist both policy-makers and field veterinarians to improve the effectiveness of national eradication efforts.