The effects of a brief exposure to newly hatched squabs upon the concentrations of plasma prolactin and LH secretion and length of incubation time in ring doves were investigated using a novel experimental procedure. After 5 days of incubation birds were deprived of their nests for 3 days. On return to their nests, the birds immediately resumed incubation and laid a second clutch of eggs after 5 days at which time the first clutch was removed. A consequence of this procedure was that at the time of hatching, concentrations of plasma prolactin had passed their peaks and were falling to baseline values, while concentrations of plasma LH were beginning to increase. This experimental manipulation made it possible to demonstrate that brief exposure to newly hatched squabs significantly affects the concentration of plasma prolactin, an effect which was more pronounced in females than in males. This increased secretion of prolactin was associated with a reduction of plasma LH which reached significance in females but not in males. Birds exposed to squabs spent a significantly longer period of time on their nests as compared to those birds not exposed to squabs. This observation is consistent with a role for prolactin in maintaining readiness to incubate.