Background: The drug 566C80 is an investigational hydroxynaphthoquinone that is active against Pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in animal models. Initial studies in humans indicate that 566C80 is safe and has adequate bioavailability after oral administration.
Methods: We conducted an open-label trial of 566C80 in 34 adults with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and untreated pneumocystis pneumonia. All the patients had a partial pressure of arterial oxygen of at least 60 mm Hg while breathing room air. They were enrolled sequentially in three cohorts taking 566C80 at different dosages, all administered orally: 750 mg three times daily for 5 days, then twice daily for 16 days; 750 mg three times daily for 21 days; and 750 mg four times daily for 21 days.
Results: All 34 patients survived, and 27 (79 percent) were successfully treated with 566C80 alone. The mean partial pressure of oxygen in 33 patients was 78 mm Hg at entry and 93 mm Hg after the course of 566C80 (P less than 0.001). In five patients (15 percent) the drug was discontinued because of lack of response. In four patients (12 percent), the drug was discontinued because of toxicity (fever and rash in two patients each). In two of these, treatment was considered to have succeeded because 566C80 was not discontinued because of toxicity until after day 14. Five of the successfully treated patients had rashes that resolved despite continued therapy. In nine patients, serum alanine aminotransferase levels rose above 100 U per liter. During the first three months after the completion of therapy, pneumocystis pneumonia recurred in 4 of the 27 successfully treated patients, and another 3 patients had recurrences between month 3 and month 6 of follow-up. The mean (+/- SEM) steady-state plasma levels of 566C80 were similar in the three cohorts: 16.3 +/- 2.10, 20.4 +/- 2.48, and 18.9 +/- 3.08 micrograms per milliliter in the patients taking the drug twice daily, three times daily, and four times daily, respectively.
Conclusions: From these preliminary data, the investigational compound 566C80 appears to be a safe, effective, and well-tolerated therapy for P. carinii pneumonia of mild-to-moderate severity in patients with AIDS.