Inhibition of superoxide anion generation by CHS-111 via blockade of the p21-activated kinase, protein kinase B/Akt and protein kinase C signaling pathways in rat neutrophils

Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Aug 1;615(1-3):207-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.050. Epub 2009 May 13.

Abstract

In formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-stimulated rat neutrophils, 2-benzyl-3-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)indazole (CHS-111) inhibited superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) generation, which was not mediated by scavenging the generated O(2)(-) or by a cytotoxic effect, and attenuated migration. CHS-111 had no effect on the arachidonic acid-induced NADPH oxidase activation or the GTPgammaS-stimulated Rac2 membrane translocation in cell-free systems, whereas it effectively attenuated the membrane recruitment of p40(phox), p47(phox) and p67(phox), phosphorylation of Ser residues in p47(phox), association between p47(phox) and p22(phox), and Rac activation in fMLP-stimulated neutrophils. Moreover, the phosphorylation and membrane recruitment of p21-activated kinase (PAK), PAK kinase activity and the interaction of PAK with p47(phox) were inhibited by CHS-111. CHS-111 effectively reduced Akt kinase activity and the association between Akt and p47(phox), moderately inhibited the membrane recruitment of Akt and phospho-PDK1, and slightly attenuated Akt (Thr308) phosphorylation, whereas it had no effect on Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation or p110gamma membrane translocation. The membrane recruitment of protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha, -betaI, -betaII, -delta and -zeta, PKC phosphorylation and PKC kinase activity was attenuated by CHS-111, whereas CHS-111 did not affect the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or downstream MAPK-activated protein kinase-2. Higher concentrations of CHS-111 were required to decrease fMLP-stimulated intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) elevation in the presence but not in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), and to reduce cellular cyclic AMP but slightly increase cyclic GMP levels. Taken together, these results suggest that CHS-111 inhibits fMLP-stimulated O(2)(-) generation in rat neutrophils through the blockade of PAK, Akt and PKC signaling pathways.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell-Free System / metabolism
  • Cyclic AMP / metabolism
  • Cyclic GMP / metabolism
  • Indazoles / pharmacology*
  • NADPH Oxidases / metabolism
  • Neutrophils / drug effects*
  • Neutrophils / enzymology
  • Phosphorylation
  • Protein Kinase C / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Protein Kinase C / metabolism
  • Protein Kinase C-alpha / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Protein Kinase C-alpha / metabolism
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Signal Transduction
  • Superoxides / metabolism*
  • p21-Activated Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • p21-Activated Kinases / metabolism
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism

Substances

  • 2-benzyl-3-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)indazole
  • Indazoles
  • Superoxides
  • Cyclic AMP
  • NADPH Oxidases
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • p21-Activated Kinases
  • Protein Kinase C
  • Protein Kinase C-alpha
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
  • Cyclic GMP