Analysis of hybrid photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

Opt Express. 2003 Jul 28;11(15):1799-808. doi: 10.1364/oe.11.001799.

Abstract

Vertical resonators with a top mirror constituted of 1D photonic crystal membrane on top of a Bragg stack are investigated in this paper. These structures allow the fabrication of compact vertical-cavity surfaceemitting lasers, which can be designed, in addition, for in-plane emission. With this hybrid approach, fabrication problems related to both classical VCSEL and Photonic Crystal lasers may be significantly relaxed, given that a full Bragg stack is replaced by a single photonic crystal membrane and that the Photonic Crystal is not formed in the active gain layer.