Abstract
Impairments in anti-influenza T helper 1 (Th1) responses are associated with greater risk of influenza-related mortality in the elderly. Addition of adjuvants to existing influenza vaccines could improve immune responses in the elderly. In this study, the activity of three adjuvants, an oil-in-water emulsion and a synthetic lipid A adjuvant formulated with or without the emulsion, is compared. Our results show that Fluzone combined with lipid A plus an emulsion effectively leads to greater vaccine-specific IgG2a and IgG titers, enhances hemagglutination-inhibition titers and induces Type 1 cytokine responses (IFN-gamma and IL-2) to each of the Fluzone components.
Publication types
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Comparative Study
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adjuvants, Immunologic / pharmacology*
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Animals
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Antibodies, Viral / blood
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Antibody Formation
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Cell Line
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Emulsions / pharmacology
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Female
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Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
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Immunity, Cellular
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Immunoglobulin G / immunology
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Influenza Vaccines / immunology*
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Interferon-gamma / immunology
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Interleukin-2 / immunology
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Lipid A / pharmacology*
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
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Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control*
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Th1 Cells / immunology
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Toll-Like Receptor 4 / agonists*
Substances
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Adjuvants, Immunologic
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Antibodies, Viral
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Emulsions
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Immunoglobulin G
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Influenza Vaccines
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Interleukin-2
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Lipid A
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Tlr4 protein, mouse
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Toll-Like Receptor 4
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Interferon-gamma