Advances in technology have equipped the field of neuroproteomics with refined tools for the study of the expression, interaction and function of proteins in the nervous system. In combination with bioinformatics, neuroproteomics can address the organization of dynamic, functional protein networks and macromolecular structures that underlie physiological, anatomical and behavioural processes. Furthermore, neuroproteomics is contributing to the elucidation of disease mechanisms and is a powerful tool for the identification of biomarkers.