Epigenetic silencing of Stk39 in B-cell lymphoma inhibits apoptosis from genotoxic stress

Am J Pathol. 2009 Oct;175(4):1653-61. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090091. Epub 2009 Aug 28.

Abstract

B-cell lymphomas, the most frequent human immune system malignancies, often contain dysregulated TCL1 oncogene expression. TCL1 transgenic (TCL1-tg) mice develop a spectrum of B-cell malignancies, supporting an oncogenic role for TCL1 in B cells. Our prior global survey of DNA methylation patterns in TCL1-tg B-cell lymphomas identified many lymphoma-specific candidate hypermethylated genes, including Stk39. The Stk39 encoded protein, sterile 20-like-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK), regulates cell stress responses, and microarray studies identified reduced SPAK expression in metastatic prostate and treatment-resistant breast cancers, suggesting that its loss may have a role in cancer progression. Here we identified DNA hypermethylation and SPAK silencing in TCL1-tg B-cell lymphomas and SPAK silencing without DNA methylation in multiple subtypes of human B-cell lymphomas. SPAK knockdown by shRNA protected B cells from caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by DNA double-strand breaks but not apoptosis in response to osmotic or oxidative cell stressors. Caspase 3 activation by cleavage was impaired with SPAK repression in DNA damaged B cells. Interestingly, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase is potentially activated by SPAK and pharmacological inhibition of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase in SPAK-expressing B cells recapitulated the cell-protective phenotype of SPAK knockdown. Taken together, these data indicate that SPAK loss in B-cell lymphomas promotes increased cell survival with DNA damage and provides a potential mechanism for increased resistance to genotoxic stress in cancer.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis*
  • Caspase 3 / metabolism
  • DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded
  • DNA Damage*
  • DNA Methylation
  • Enzyme Activation
  • Gene Silencing*
  • Humans
  • Lymphoma, B-Cell / enzymology*
  • Lymphoma, B-Cell / genetics
  • Lymphoma, B-Cell / pathology*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins
  • Tcl1 protein, mouse
  • Stk39 protein, mouse
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • STK39 protein, human
  • Caspase 3