Abstract
To investigate the frequency of amantadine resistance among influenza A viruses isolated in Korea during the 2003-2009 seasons, 369 (16.8%) 2199 A/H1N1 viruses and 780 (14.8%) of 5263 A/H3N2 viruses were randomly selected. The M2 and HA1 genes of each isolate were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and followed by nucleotide sequencing. The results showed that the resistance rate to amantadine among A/H1N1 viruses increased significantly from 2004-2005 (33.3%) to 2007-2008 (97.8%) and then decreased dramatically in 2008-2009 (1.9%). The A/H1N1 isolates recently detected in 2008-2009 turned amantadine-sensitive containing two new substitutions at specific sites (S141N, G185A) in HA1. Compared with A/H1N1 viruses, the amantadine resistance among the A/H3N2 viruses increased from 2003-2004 (9.7%) to 2005-2006 (96.7%) and decreased in 2006-2007 (57.4%). During 2006-2007, both of amantadine-resistant and -sensitive A/H3N2 viruses co-circulated but clustered in different branches phylogenetically. All of A/H3N2 isolates tested during 2007-2009 appeared to cluster in the same group being resistant to amantadine.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Amantadine / pharmacology*
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Amino Acid Substitution
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Antiviral Agents / pharmacology*
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Drug Resistance, Viral*
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Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / genetics
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Humans
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Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / drug effects*
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Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / genetics
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Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / isolation & purification
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Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / drug effects*
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Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / genetics
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Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / isolation & purification
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Influenza, Human / epidemiology
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Influenza, Human / virology
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Phylogeny
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Prevalence
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Republic of Korea / epidemiology
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Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Viral Matrix Proteins / genetics
Substances
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Antiviral Agents
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Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus
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Viral Matrix Proteins
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Amantadine
Associated data
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GENBANK/FJ794081
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GENBANK/FJ794082
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GENBANK/FJ794083
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GENBANK/FJ794084
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