Detailed literature searches were carried out in seven respiratory disease areas. Therapeutic evidence for efficacy of medicinal products was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology, as well as an assessment of safety and side-effects. Systemic corticosteroids may reduce the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia but have serious side-effects. Antioxidants need further study to demonstrate whether they have long-term benefits. Treatments for acute bronchiolitis have shown little benefit but new antiviral and monoclonal antibodies need further assessment. Well-constructed studies are needed to confirm the value of inhaled corticosteroids and/or montelukast in the management of viral-induced wheeze. Corticosteroids are the treatment of choice in croup. Minimal or no information is available for the treatment of congenital lung abnormalities, bronchiolitis obliterans and interstitial lung disease.