Engineered symmetric connectivity of secondary structure elements highlights malleability of protein folding pathways

J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 26;131(33):11727-33. doi: 10.1021/ja900438b.

Abstract

To understand the role of sequence connectivity in protein folding pathways, we explored by Phi-value analysis the folding pathway of an engineered circularly permuted PDZ domain. This variant has the same sequence connectivity as naturally occurring circularly permuted PDZ domains and displays a symmetrical distribution of secondary structure elements (i.e., beta beta alpha beta beta alpha beta beta) while maintaining the same tertiary interactions of the well-characterized second PDZ domain from PTP-BL (PDZ2). Reliable Phi values were obtained for both a low-energy intermediate and the late rate-limiting transition state, allowing a description of both early and late events in folding. A comparison with Phi values obtained for wild-type PDZ2 reveals that while the structure of the late transition state is robust and unaffected by circular permutation, the folding intermediate is stabilized by a different nucleus involving residues located at the new N- and C-termini. The results suggest that folding is driven by competing nuclei whose stabilities may be selectively tuned by circular permutation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Kinetics
  • Models, Molecular
  • Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
  • Mutation
  • PDZ Domains
  • Protein Denaturation
  • Protein Engineering / methods*
  • Protein Folding*
  • Protein Structure, Secondary