Structural optimization of a CXCR2-directed antagonist that indirectly inhibits gamma-secretase and reduces Abeta

Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 Dec 1;17(23):8102-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.09.051. Epub 2009 Oct 3.

Abstract

Amyloid beta (Abeta), a key molecule in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by sequential proteolysis via beta- and gamma-secretases. Because of their role in generation of Abeta, these enzymes have emerged as important therapeutic targets for AD. In the case of gamma-secretase, progress has been made towards designing potent inhibitors with suitable pharmacological profiles. Direct gamma-secretase inhibitors are being evaluated in clinical trials and new strategies are being explored to block gamma-secretase activity indirectly as well. In this regard, we have previously reported an indirect regulation of gamma-secretase through antagonism of CXCR2, a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). We demonstrated that N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-N'-(2-bromophenyl)urea (SB225002), a selective inhibitor of CXCR2 also plays a role in an indirect inhibition of gamma-secretase. Furthermore, we reported a approximately 5-fold difference in the selective inhibition of APP versus Notch processing via gamma-secretase following treatment with SB225002. Herein we describe the synthesis and optimization of SB225002. By determination of the structure-activity relationship (SAR), we derived small molecules that inhibit Abeta40 production with IC(50) values in the sub-micromolar range in a cell-based assay and also validated the potential of CXCR2 as a new target for therapeutic intervention in AD.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alzheimer Disease / drug therapy*
  • Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / metabolism*
  • Amyloid beta-Peptides / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • CHO Cells
  • Cricetinae
  • Cricetulus
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / chemical synthesis*
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Inhibitory Concentration 50
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Phenylurea Compounds / chemical synthesis*
  • Phenylurea Compounds / chemistry
  • Phenylurea Compounds / pharmacology
  • Receptors, Interleukin-8B / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Receptors, Interleukin-8B / metabolism*
  • Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
  • Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Amyloid beta-Peptides
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Phenylurea Compounds
  • Receptors, Interleukin-8B
  • SB 225002
  • Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases