Chemotherapy with docetaxel represents the standard first-line treatment in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In cases of progression after treatment with docetaxel no standard treatment recommendation exists since no treatment was able to show a survival benefit in clinical trials. This review focuses on available treatment options for patients with progressive CRPC and highlights promising treatments that are currently under investigation in clinical trials including abiraterone acetate and MDV3100.