Non-functional neuroendocrine carcinoma of the pancreas: incidence, tumor biology, and outcomes in 2,158 patients

J Gastrointest Surg. 2010 Mar;14(3):541-8. doi: 10.1007/s11605-009-1115-0. Epub 2009 Dec 9.

Abstract

Objective: Pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer is a rare, indolent malignancy with no effective systemic therapy currently available. This population-based analysis evaluated the hypothesis that long-term survival benefit is greater with aggressive, rather than limited, surgical therapy.

Methods: Non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (NF-pNEC) cases diagnosed from 1973 to 2004 were retrieved from the SEER database.

Results: A total of 2,158 patients with NF-pNEC were identified, representing 2% of all pancreatic malignancies. The annual incidence increased from 1.4 to 3.0 per million during the study period. On average, tumors measured 59 +/- 35 mm (median 50), and age at diagnosis was 59 +/- 15 years; 29% of patients were younger than 50. Nodal (44%) and systemic metastases (60%) were common. Overall the 5-, 10-, and 20-year survival rates were 33%, 17%, and 10%, respectively. Removal of the primary tumor significantly prolonged survival in the entire cohort (median 1.2 vs. 8.4 years; p < 0.001) and among those with metastases (median 1.0 vs. 4.8 years; p < 0.001). No survival difference was seen between enucleation and resection of the primary tumor (median 10.2 versus 9.2 years, p = 0.456).

Conclusion: This study suggests that surgical therapy improves survival among patients with localized, as well as metastatic, NF-pNEC. Enucleation may be oncologically equivalent to resection.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Age Distribution
  • Aged
  • Biopsy, Needle
  • Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / diagnosis
  • Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / epidemiology*
  • Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / pathology*
  • Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / secondary
  • Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / surgery
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Incidence
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology*
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / mortality
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Pancreatectomy / methods
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms / epidemiology*
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms / surgery
  • Probability
  • Prognosis
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Registries
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • SEER Program
  • Sex Distribution
  • Survival Analysis