Although dialysis and transplantation are widely applied therapies for renal failure, drawbacks such as morbidity, shortage of compatible organs and high cost are limiting factors. Recently, interest has increased in the potential use of stem cells for the repair of kidney injury, which has been considered as an alternative therapeutic strategy. Due to their high proliferation rates, their pluripotent differentiation potential, the finding that they do not induce tumour formation and the fact that they do not raise the ethical concerns connected with human embryonic stem cells, human amniotic fluid stem cells are considered to be a very promising cell source. This study demonstrates that the expression of the mesenchymal markers CD29 and CD44, the epithelial markers CD51 and ZO-1 and the podocyte markers CD2AP and NPHS2 can be induced in these cells via incubation with epidermal growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor BB and fibroblast growth factor 4/hepatocyte growth factor, respectively. Since podocytes are visceral epithelial cells in the kidneys, which form the essential part of the glomerular filtration barrier, these findings warrant further investigation of the potential use of human amniotic fluid stem cells for cell-based kidney therapies.