The commitment to fight against cancer is a part of European Community health strategies and of Italian health services planning. Interesting and useful results have been achieved in Europe and in our country where most of the population can participate to screening programmes. In Italy there are two main organisational models to deliver intervention for secondary prevention: population based and individual access. Several experimental data show population-based prevention is more fair and appropriate and achieves better results in reducing incidence and mortality rates; data are summarized. Because of this differences we go trough the different characteristics of the two models to handle them better planning and managing more efficiently a sustainable secondary-prevention.