Silk nanoparticles were prepared from silk fibroin solutions of domesticated Bombyx mori and tropical tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta and investigated in respect to its particle size, surface charge, stability and morphology along with its cellular uptake and release of growth factors. The nanoparticles were stable, spherical, negatively charged, 150-170nm in average diameter and exhibited mostly Silk II (beta-sheet) structure and did not impose any overt toxicity. Cellular uptake studies showed the accumulation of fluorescence isothiocyanate conjugated silk nanoparticles in the cytosol of murine squamous cell carcinoma cells. In vitro VEGF release from the nanoparticles showed a significantly sustained release over 3 weeks, signifying the potential application as a growth factor delivery system.
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