Nodal morphogens

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2009 Nov;1(5):a003459. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a003459.

Abstract

Nodal signals belong to the TGF-beta superfamily and are essential for the induction of mesoderm and endoderm and the determination of the left-right axis. Nodal signals can act as morphogens-they have concentration-dependent effects and can act at a distance from their source of production. Nodal and its feedback inhibitor Lefty form an activator/inhibitor pair that behaves similarly to postulated reaction-diffusion models of tissue patterning. Nodal morphogen activity is also regulated by microRNAs, convertases, TGF-beta signals, coreceptors, and trafficking factors. This article describes how Nodal morphogens pattern embryonic fields and discusses how Nodal morphogen signaling is modulated.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Body Patterning
  • Diffusion
  • Endoderm / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Kinetics
  • Left-Right Determination Factors / metabolism
  • Mesoderm / metabolism
  • MicroRNAs / metabolism
  • Models, Biological
  • Morphogenesis*
  • Nodal Protein / metabolism
  • Nodal Protein / physiology*
  • Protein Processing, Post-Translational
  • Signal Transduction
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism

Substances

  • Left-Right Determination Factors
  • MicroRNAs
  • Nodal Protein
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta