Final report on the safety assessment of Basic Violet 1, Basic Violet 3, and Basic Violet 4

Int J Toxicol. 2009 Nov-Dec;28(6 Suppl 2):193S-204S. doi: 10.1177/1091581809354649.

Abstract

Basic Violet 3, Basic Violet 1, and Basic Violet 4 are triphenylmethane dyes that function as direct (nonoxidative) hair colorants. No current uses or use concentrations in cosmetics are reported. The term Gentian Violet is used synonymously with Basic Violet 1 and Basic Violet 3, although the chemical structures of these 2 dyes are not the same. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel noted that Basic Violet 1, 3, and 4 contain quaternary ammonium ions, and therefore the rate of penetration across the epidermis is expected to be slow. The panel concluded that because of the carcinogenic potential of these dyes, insufficient data exist to support the safety of Basic Violet 1, 3, and 4 in cosmetic formulation. Dermal absorption data and a risk assessment are needed to complete this safety assessment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Cosmetics
  • Eye Diseases / chemically induced
  • Eye Diseases / pathology
  • Female
  • Gentian Violet / adverse effects*
  • Gentian Violet / analysis
  • Gentian Violet / chemistry
  • Gentian Violet / toxicity
  • Hair Dyes / adverse effects*
  • Hair Dyes / analysis
  • Hair Dyes / chemistry
  • Hair Dyes / toxicity
  • Humans
  • Irritants / toxicity
  • Pregnancy
  • Reproduction / drug effects
  • Rosaniline Dyes / adverse effects*
  • Rosaniline Dyes / analysis
  • Rosaniline Dyes / chemistry
  • Rosaniline Dyes / toxicity
  • Safety
  • Skin Diseases / chemically induced
  • Teratogens / toxicity
  • Urinary Bladder Diseases / chemically induced

Substances

  • Cosmetics
  • Hair Dyes
  • Irritants
  • Rosaniline Dyes
  • Teratogens
  • ethyl violet
  • Basic Violet 1
  • Gentian Violet