Dissecting the influence of Mg2+ on 3D architecture and ligand-binding of the guanine-sensing riboswitch aptamer domain

Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jul;38(12):4143-53. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq138. Epub 2010 Mar 3.

Abstract

Long-range tertiary interactions determine the three-dimensional structure of a number of metabolite-binding riboswitch RNA elements and were found to be important for their regulatory function. For the guanine-sensing riboswitch of the Bacillus subtilis xpt-pbuX operon, our previous NMR-spectroscopic studies indicated pre-formation of long-range tertiary contacts in the ligand-free state of its aptamer domain. Loss of the structural pre-organization in a mutant of this RNA (G37A/C61U) resulted in the requirement of Mg(2+) for ligand binding. Here, we investigate structural and stability aspects of the wild-type aptamer domain (Gsw) and the G37A/C61U-mutant (Gsw(loop)) of the guanine-sensing riboswitch and their Mg(2+)-induced folding characteristics to dissect the role of long-range tertiary interactions, the link between pre-formation of structural elements and ligand-binding properties and the functional stability. Destabilization of the long-range interactions as a result of the introduced mutations for Gsw(loop) or the increase in temperature for both Gsw and Gsw(loop) involves pronounced alterations of the conformational ensemble characteristics of the ligand-free state of the riboswitch. The increased flexibility of the conformational ensemble can, however, be compensated by Mg(2+). We propose that reduction of conformational dynamics in remote regions of the riboswitch aptamer domain is the minimal pre-requisite to pre-organize the core region for specific ligand binding.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aptamers, Nucleotide / chemistry
  • Bacillus subtilis / genetics
  • Cations, Divalent
  • Guanine / metabolism*
  • Ligands
  • Magnesium / chemistry*
  • Mutation
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
  • Nucleic Acid Conformation
  • RNA, Bacterial / chemistry*
  • RNA, Bacterial / metabolism
  • Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid*
  • Temperature

Substances

  • Aptamers, Nucleotide
  • Cations, Divalent
  • Ligands
  • RNA, Bacterial
  • Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid
  • Guanine
  • Magnesium