Generalized Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij distribution and envelope equation for high-intensity beams in a coupled transverse focusing lattice

Phys Rev Lett. 2009 Nov 27;103(22):224802. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.224802. Epub 2009 Nov 25.

Abstract

In an uncoupled lattice, the Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij (KV) distribution function first analyzed in 1959 is the only known exact solution of the nonlinear Vlasov-Maxwell equations for high-intensity beams including self-fields in a self-consistent manner. The KV solution is generalized here to high-intensity beams in a coupled transverse lattice using the recently developed generalized Courant-Snyder invariant for coupled transverse dynamics. This solution projects to a rotating, pulsating elliptical beam in transverse configuration space, determined by the generalized matrix envelope equation.