Impact of fulminant hepatic failure in C-reactive protein?

Introduction: Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) refers to the rapid development of severe acute liver injury with impaired synthetic function, coagulopathy, and encephalopathy in a person who previously had a normal liver or had a well-compensated liver disease. It is a rare complication in critically ill patients and carries a very bad prognosis. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), a useful marker of infection, is produced exclusively by the liver.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess CRP concentrations in patients with FHF.

Methods: We prospectively identified patients with sepsis and FHF treated at the intensive care unit (ICU). Data collected included admission diagnosis, medical history, systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria, Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores. C-reactive protein and white cell count were measured at admission and then daily until ICU discharge.

Results: We included 7 patients with FHF and sepsis. Six patients died with severe multiple organ failure. Six patients were already admitted with FHF, with the remaining one being diagnosed at the 26th day of ICU stay. All patients present severe coagulopathy. In all septic patients, despite clinical deterioration, CRP levels were markedly decreased sometimes reaching undetectable levels.

Conclusion: In septic patients with FHF, CRP is more a marker of severe liver dysfunction and should not be used as a marker of infection. As a result, in a patient admitted with a very high suspicion of infection and an abnormally low CRP concentration or with a marked CRP decline despite persistent septic shock, severe hepatic failure should be ruled out.