Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) suppress immune cell responses and have beneficial effects in various inflammatory-related immune disorders. A therapeutic modality for systemic inflammation and its consequences is not available yet. Thus, this work investigates the therapeutic effects of MSCs in injury models induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or burn. Gene expression was analyzed in MSCs when exposed to inflammatory serum from injured animals and it showed remarkable alterations compared to normal culture. In addition, injured animals were transplanted intramuscularly with MSCs. Forty-eight hours after cell transplantation, kidney, lung, and liver were analyzed for infiltration of inflammatory cells and TUNEL-expressing cells. Results showed that MSCs attenuate injury by reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells in various target organs and by reducing cell death. These data suggest that MSCs emerge as key regulators of immune/inflammatory responses in vivo and as attractive candidates for cell-based treatments for systemic inflammatory-based disorders.