Calcifying fibrous pseudotumor is a rare lesion characterized histologically by hypocellular hyalinized collagenous tissue with calcifications and patchy lymphocytes infiltration. Occurring most often in children and young adults, calcifying fibrous pseudotumor is a clinically benign lesion that can form over a broad anatomic distribution, including in subcutaneous and deep soft tissues, but is rarely found in the pleura. The cause and mechanisms of pathogenesis of calcifying fibrous pseudotumor are unknown. In this article, we describe a case of a 44-year-old woman with multiple calcifying fibrous pseudotumor disseminated in the bilateral pleura that was pathologically diagnosed. We discuss the differential diagnosis with other benign or malignant soft tissue diseases and also review the recent literature on this rare benign entity. Complete resection of all disseminated lesions was possible with followed thoracotomy. Although multiple lesions may prevent the complete resection and calcifying fibrous pseudotumor of the pleura is considered as benign lesion, complete surgical resection of all lesions seems to be the best therapy for calcifying fibrous pseudotumor of the pleura to reduce additional dissemination and local recurrence.