Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an immunologically relevant disease, which subverts and suppresses immunity, but that may also be amenable to immunological control. Novel drug and cell-based therapies provide an opportunity for the design of antimyeloma immunotherapy. Reversing the immunosuppression associated myeloma remains a substantial challenge. The minimal residual disease setting achieved by autologous stem cell transplant or highly efficacious induction therapy may reverse this immunoparesis and provide a setting for induction of antimyeloma T-cell responses. Adoptive cytotoxic T-lymphocyte/NK therapy and comprehensive treatment with immunomodulatory drug therapy represent means by which antimyeloma immune responses may be promoted. In addition, apoptosis-inducing therapies may prime endogenous antigen presentation via immunogenic cell death, which again may be enhanced by the addition of immunomodulatory drug therapy.
MeSH terms
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Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
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Antigens, Neoplasm / immunology
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Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
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Apoptosis / drug effects
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Boronic Acids / therapeutic use
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Bortezomib
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Cancer Vaccines / therapeutic use
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Combined Modality Therapy
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Forecasting
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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
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Humans
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Immunologic Factors / therapeutic use*
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Immunologic Memory
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Immunotherapy / methods*
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Immunotherapy, Active
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Immunotherapy, Adoptive
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Killer Cells, Natural / immunology
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Killer Cells, Natural / transplantation
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Lenalidomide
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Multiple Myeloma / drug therapy
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Multiple Myeloma / immunology
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Multiple Myeloma / surgery
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Multiple Myeloma / therapy*
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Pyrazines / therapeutic use
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T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / immunology
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T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / transplantation
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T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology
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Thalidomide / analogs & derivatives
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Thalidomide / therapeutic use
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Tumor Escape
Substances
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Antigens, Neoplasm
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Antineoplastic Agents
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Boronic Acids
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Cancer Vaccines
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Immunologic Factors
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Pyrazines
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Thalidomide
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Bortezomib
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Lenalidomide