Energy dose parameters affect antimicrobial photodynamic therapy-mediated eradication of periopathogenic biofilm and planktonic cultures

Photomed Laser Surg. 2010 Aug:28 Suppl 1:S61-6. doi: 10.1089/pho.2009.2622.

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluated the in vitro efficacy of a commercially available aPDT system in eradication of the periopathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in both planktonic and biofilm cultures.

Background data: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an effective antibacterial approach in vitro; however, few data are available regarding effective light-energy parameters.

Materials and methods: Planktonic and biofilm cultures of periopathogens were exposed to a methylene blue-based formulation and irradiated with a 670-nm nonthermal diode laser. Energy doses were varied from 2.3 to 9.4 J/cm(2) through adjustments in illumination time and a constant power density. Controls consisted of no treatment, light only, and photosensitizer only. Temperature changes were recorded in experimental samples before and after illumination.

Results: aPDT with an energy dose of 9.4 J/cm(2) was effective in eradicating P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans in biofilm and planktonic form. Reductions from control in planktonic cultures at this energy dose were 6.8 +/- 0.7, 5.2 +/- 0.6, and 1.9 +/- 0.6 log(10), respectively, whereas biofilm reductions were 4.5 +/- 1.2, 3.4 +/- 1.1, and 4.9 +/- 1.4 log(10). Decreasing the treatment time produced an energy dose-dependent killing effect in both models. Changes in sample temperature did not exceed 3 degrees C under these exposure parameters.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that three important periopathogens are susceptible to aPDT-mediated killing, regardless of whether they are present in planktonic or biofilm form. Furthermore, a clear energy dose-dependence exists with this treatment that should to be taken into account when determining optimal treatment times in clinical application.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / drug effects
  • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / radiation effects
  • Biofilms
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
  • Fusobacterium nucleatum / drug effects
  • Fusobacterium nucleatum / radiation effects
  • Gram-Negative Bacteria / drug effects*
  • Gram-Negative Bacteria / radiation effects*
  • Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / drug therapy
  • Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / radiotherapy
  • Photochemotherapy
  • Plankton / radiation effects
  • Porphyromonas gingivalis / drug effects
  • Porphyromonas gingivalis / radiation effects
  • Temperature