Abstract
The enantiomers of cis-(+/-)-methyl (1R,2S/1S,2R)-2-[(4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)methyl]-1-(4-methylphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate [1, (+/-)-PPCC], a selective sigma ligand, were synthesized. The (+)- and (-)-enantiomers bind predominantly to sigma(1) receptors and have a reduced sigma(2) affinity. Both individually restore the astroglial oxidative status modified by glutamate, counteracting also transglutaminase-2 overexpression. They exhibited in vivo anti-opioid effects on kappa opioid (KOP) receptor-mediated analgesia. Our findings demonstrate that the enantiomers display mainly sigma(1) agonist activity and that they have neuroprotective effects.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer / pharmacology
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Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / pharmacology
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Animals
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Astrocytes / drug effects
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Astrocytes / metabolism
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Cells, Cultured
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Cyclopropanes / chemical synthesis*
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Cyclopropanes / chemistry
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Cyclopropanes / pharmacology
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Drug Interactions
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GTP-Binding Proteins / biosynthesis
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Glutamic Acid / pharmacology
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Glutathione / metabolism
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Ibogaine / pharmacology
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Ligands
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Neuroprotective Agents / chemical synthesis*
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Neuroprotective Agents / chemistry
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Neuroprotective Agents / pharmacology
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Oxidative Stress
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Pentazocine / pharmacology
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Piperidines / chemical synthesis*
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Piperidines / chemistry
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Piperidines / pharmacology
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Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2
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Rats
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Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
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Receptors, Opioid, kappa / agonists
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Receptors, sigma / agonists*
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Receptors, sigma / metabolism
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Stereoisomerism
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Structure-Activity Relationship
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Transglutaminases / biosynthesis
Substances
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Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
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Cyclopropanes
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Ligands
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Neuroprotective Agents
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Piperidines
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Reactive Oxygen Species
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Receptors, Opioid, kappa
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Receptors, sigma
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Tgm2 protein, rat
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methyl 2-((4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)methyl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate
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Glutamic Acid
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Ibogaine
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3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer
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Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2
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Transglutaminases
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GTP-Binding Proteins
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Glutathione
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Pentazocine