Abstract
Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells are adaptive regulatory T cells that are induced in the periphery upon chronic exposure to antigen (Ag) in a tolerogenic environment containing interleukin (IL)-10. Tr1 cells are Ag-specific; they produce high levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in the absence of IL-4 and suppress T-cell responses via a cytokine-dependent mechanism. During the last decade, several protocols have been developed to generate Tr1 cell lines in vitro. In this chapter, we outline protocols to generate non-Ag- and Ag-specific Tr1 cell lines and assays used to characterize Tr1 cell phenotype and functions.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Cell Culture Techniques / methods
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Cell Proliferation*
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Cell Separation / methods*
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Cells, Cultured
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Cytokines / immunology*
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Dendritic Cells / immunology
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Flow Cytometry / methods
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Humans
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Interleukin-10 / immunology*
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Interleukin-10 / metabolism
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Interleukin-4 / immunology
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Lymphocyte Activation / immunology*
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T-Lymphocyte Subsets / classification*
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T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
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T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology*
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Transforming Growth Factor beta / immunology*
Substances
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Cytokines
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Transforming Growth Factor beta
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Interleukin-10
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Interleukin-4