We searched for immunogenic mismatches of H-Y minor histocompatibility antigens among unrelated HLA-matched donor-recipient pairs and for their association with transplant outcomes. We included 92 patients who were treated with 10/10 HLA allele-matched, unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). H-Y genotyping was performed in the Regional Blood Center with use of the Dynal Minor Histocompatibility Antigen Typing Kit. H-Y mismatches in the graft-versus-host direction of female donor to male recipient decreased the relapse rate (6% vs 23%; P=.046) and tended to improve disease-free survival (79% vs 44%; P=.067), but it also increased the incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (66% vs 38%; P=.02). Thus it influenced the results of alloHSCT from HLA-matched unrelated donors. The results of this study may help to explain the impact of gender differences between donor and recipient in alloHSCT.
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