The role of germline promoters and I exons in cytokine-induced gene-specific class switch recombination

J Immunol. 2011 Jan 1;186(1):350-8. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003108. Epub 2010 Dec 3.

Abstract

Germline transcription precedes class switch recombination (CSR). The promoter regions and I exons of these germline transcripts include binding sites for activation- and cytokine-induced transcription factors, and the promoter regions/I exons are essential for CSR. Therefore, it is a strong hypothesis that the promoter/I exons regions are responsible for much of cytokine-regulated, gene-specific CSR. We tested this hypothesis by swapping the germline promoter and I exons for the murine γ1 and γ2a H chain genes in a transgene of the entire H chain C-region locus. We found that the promoter/I exon for γ1 germline transcripts can direct robust IL-4-induced recombination to the γ2a gene. In contrast, the promoter/I exon for the γ2a germline transcripts works poorly in the context of the γ1 H chain gene, resulting in expression of γ1 H chains that is <1% the wild-type level. Nevertheless, the small amount of recombination to the chimeric γ1 gene is induced by IFN-γ. These results suggest that cytokine regulation of CSR, but not the magnitude of CSR, is regulated by the promoter/I exons.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Chickens
  • Cytokines / physiology*
  • Exons / genetics*
  • Gene Expression Regulation / immunology
  • Immunoglobulin Class Switching / genetics*
  • Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / biosynthesis
  • Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / genetics
  • Immunoglobulin Switch Region / genetics
  • Immunoglobulin Variable Region / genetics
  • Introns / genetics
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic / immunology*
  • Recombination, Genetic / genetics*
  • Transgenes

Substances

  • Cytokines
  • Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
  • Immunoglobulin Variable Region