Efficient double fragmentation ChIP-seq provides nucleotide resolution protein-DNA binding profiles

PLoS One. 2010 Nov 30;5(11):e15092. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015092.

Abstract

Immunoprecipitated crosslinked protein-DNA fragments typically range in size from several hundred to several thousand base pairs, with a significant part of chromatin being much longer than the optimal length for next-generation sequencing (NGS) procedures. Because these larger fragments may be non-random and represent relevant biology that may otherwise be missed, but also because they represent a significant fraction of the immunoprecipitated material, we designed a double-fragmentation ChIP-seq procedure. After conventional crosslinking and immunoprecipitation, chromatin is de-crosslinked and sheared a second time to concentrate fragments in the optimal size range for NGS. Besides the benefits of increased chromatin yields, the procedure also eliminates a laborious size-selection step. We show that the double-fragmentation ChIP-seq approach allows for the generation of biologically relevant genome-wide protein-DNA binding profiles from sub-nanogram amounts of TCF7L2/TCF4, TBP and H3K4me3 immunoprecipitated material. Although optimized for the AB/SOLiD platform, the same approach may be applied to other platforms.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Base Sequence
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • Binding Sites / genetics
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Chromatin / metabolism
  • Chromatin Immunoprecipitation / methods*
  • DNA / genetics
  • DNA / metabolism*
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Nucleotides / genetics
  • Nucleotides / metabolism*
  • Protein Binding
  • Transcription Factor 4
  • Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism*

Substances

  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
  • Chromatin
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Nucleotides
  • TCF4 protein, human
  • Transcription Factor 4
  • Transcription Factors
  • DNA