Effect of needle type and injection technique on pain level and vitreal reflux in intravitreal injection

J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Apr;27(2):197-203. doi: 10.1089/jop.2010.0082. Epub 2011 Feb 12.

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the amount of reflux and degree of pain with intravitreal injection (IVT) using 6 different types of syringes/needles and 5 techniques of scleral incision, including 3 modifications of a beveled scleral incision.

Methods: This was a study conducted in 205 eyes of 205 patients. IVT of bevacizumab for retinal pharmacotherapy with 6 types of needles and 5 techniques of scleral incision. The severity of subjectively evaluated pain (0-10) and the width of the subconjunctival bleb arising from the vitreal reflux. Secondary outcomes were increase in intraocular pressure and complication rate.

Results: The straight technique caused greater vitreal reflux than the beveled approaches, when compared individually or as a group (P < 0.01). No difference in the severity of pain was found among all 5 types of incisions (P > 0.05). There was greater reflux with 26- and 27-gauge needles in comparison to 29- and 30-gauge needles (P < 0.001); however, the width of the needle significantly affected the degree of reflux only when using the nonbeveled incision (P < 0.001). The patients injected with the 26- or 27-gauge needle experienced more pain matched to the 29- and 30-gauge needles (P < 0.001). No difference was found between the incision technique or width of subconjunctival reflux and the increase in intraocular pressure (P > 0.05). Postinjection events included transient mild uveitis, disease-related vitreous hemorrhage, foreign body sensation, conjunctival hemorrhage, and mild punctuate keratitis.

Conclusions: The beveled scleral incision showed benefit in performing IVTs. The 29- and 30-gauge needles caused less pain.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Intravitreal Injections / adverse effects*
  • Intravitreal Injections / methods*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Needles
  • Pain / etiology*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Vitreous Body