The craniocerebral trauma is one of the major problems of modern medicine. The significant amount of the patients who have had a trauma of the brain become invalids, this situation promotes their social and household disadaptation. The origin of the damage of the highest cortical functions which embarrass full reintegration of patients into different spheres of activity has a particular significance. In the article the philosophies of clinical diagnostic posttraumatic cognitive disorders are set up, the possible approaches to the rehabilitation of patients are showed, the different directions of the pathogenetic pharmacological therapy with allowance of the action drugs mechanism.