Dendritic cells, antibodies reactive with oxLDL, and inflammation

J Dent Res. 2012 Jan;91(1):8-16. doi: 10.1177/0022034511407338. Epub 2011 Apr 29.

Abstract

Periodontitis appears to promote chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, but relevant mechanisms need clarification. Oral bacteria induce antibodies that bind not only bacteria, but also oxLDL. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induce remarkable IgG responses that are dominated by IgG2, and IgG2 is IFN-γ-dependent and is promoted by dendritic cells (DCs). LDL-reactive antibodies induced by P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans include anti-phosphorylcholine (α-PC) and β2-glycoprotein-1-dependent anticardiolipin (α-CL), and these antibodies may link chronic inflammatory diseases at a mechanistic level. Antibody-mediated uptake of oxLDL or bacteria dramatically enhances DC-IL-12, and DC-IL-12 induces NK-cell-IFN-γ responses that promote Th-1 responses and sustained inflammation. DCs may be derived from monocytes, and this is striking in cultures of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) monocytes, where DC numbers are about double control levels. Moreover, serum α-CL levels in individuals with AgP are frequently elevated, and these antibodies promote atherosclerosis in persons with antiphospholipid syndrome. Elevated serum levels of soluble-intercellular adhesion molecule, soluble-vascular cell adhesion molecule, and soluble-E-selectin are atherosclerosis-associated indicators of vascular inflammation, and these markers are elevated in the subset of AgP patients with high α-CL. We reason that periodontitis patients with elevated antibodies reactive with oxLDL could be a subgroup at high risk for cardiovascular sequelae.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / immunology
  • Aggressive Periodontitis / complications
  • Aggressive Periodontitis / immunology*
  • Aggressive Periodontitis / microbiology
  • Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / blood
  • Antibodies, Bacterial / blood
  • Antibodies, Bacterial / immunology
  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome / complications
  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome / immunology
  • Atherosclerosis / immunology
  • Chronic Periodontitis / complications
  • Chronic Periodontitis / immunology*
  • Chronic Periodontitis / microbiology
  • Cytokines / biosynthesis
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology*
  • Dendritic Cells / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulin G / immunology
  • Inflammation Mediators / metabolism
  • Killer Cells, Natural / immunology
  • Lipoproteins, LDL / immunology*
  • Porphyromonas gingivalis / immunology
  • Risk Factors
  • Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / immunology
  • Vasculitis / etiology
  • Vasculitis / immunology*

Substances

  • Antibodies, Anticardiolipin
  • Antibodies, Bacterial
  • Cytokines
  • Immunoglobulin G
  • Inflammation Mediators
  • Lipoproteins, LDL
  • Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
  • oxidized low density lipoprotein