A 73-year-old women presented with a recurrent form of sporadic brachial plexus neuropathy, the so-called Parsonage and Turner syndrome. This diagnosis is based on clinical and electromyographic findings. Interestingly a biopsy of the temporal artery demonstrated a giant cell arteritis. The clinical picture started 2 weeks after an upper respiratory tract illness. The possible viral etiology of giant cell arteritis is considered. We think an immunological rather than ischemic disturbance may have caused the recurrent brachial plexus neuropathy. This case report suggests that giant cell arteritis be considered in the investigation of the Parsonage and Turner syndrome.