Development of hepatic pseudotumors for image-guided interventional and surgical research in a large animal model

J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2011 Oct;22(10):1452-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2011.05.002. Epub 2011 Jun 23.

Abstract

Purpose: Real-time image guidance and navigation have become increasingly important in an era of minimally invasive interventional and surgical procedures in the liver. To develop, test, and implement tools for real-time image guidance, the authors sought to create an in vivo tumor mimic with realistic imaging and treatment capabilities.

Materials and methods: Hepatic pseudotumors were created by injecting 1-2 mL of alginate (a hydrocolloid) directly into the liver parenchyma in eight live pigs and two dog cadavers. Tumors were imaged by B-mode ultrasound (US), US elasticity imaging, multi-detector row computed tomography (CT), CT fluoroscopy, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to assess imaging capabilities. Procedures performed with the alginate pseudotumors included radiofrequency (RF) ablation and robotic needle guidance.

Results: Twenty-four hepatic pseudotumors were created, ranging in size from 10 mm to 28 mm at an average depth of 6 mm. Average time of preparation and insertion was 3 minutes. All tumors were palpable under the surface of the liver and were easily visible on B-mode US, US elasticity imaging, CT, and MR imaging. Tumors were successfully "treated" with RF ablation, and gross examination of the liver showed good encompassment of the tumor by the zone of thermal coagulation. In addition, the pseudotumors allowed for easy introduction of various types of needles, including RF ablation probes and experimental steerable needles.

Conclusions: Alginate pseudotumors can easily be imaged and allow for different procedures to be performed. This model can be used for various research purposes.

MeSH terms

  • Alginates
  • Animals
  • Catheter Ablation*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Dogs
  • Elasticity Imaging Techniques
  • Female
  • Glucuronic Acid
  • Granuloma, Plasma Cell / chemically induced
  • Granuloma, Plasma Cell / diagnosis
  • Granuloma, Plasma Cell / surgery*
  • Hexuronic Acids
  • Liver Diseases / diagnosis
  • Liver Diseases / etiology
  • Liver Diseases / surgery*
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Swine
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • Ultrasonography, Interventional

Substances

  • Alginates
  • Hexuronic Acids
  • Glucuronic Acid