Objective: A consensus on decompressive surgery for hypertensive intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) has not been reached. We retrospectively analyzed our single-center experience with ICH.
Material and methods: From January 2004 to August 2009, 65 consecutive supratentorial ICH patients underwent surgery in our institute. Supratentorial ICHs that exhibited a hematoma volume of over 50 mL according to the xyz/2 method were included in this study. We compared a hematoma removal plus decompressive craniectomy group (DC) and a hematoma removal group (HR) with regard to GCS, preoperative hematoma volume, shift from the midline, time from the ictus to surgery, post-surgical hematoma volume, brain swelling, hospitalization periods, and m-RS after 3 months. Statistical analysis was done using the t-test or χ2 test, and the odds ratio was calculated.
Results: Twenty-five patients participated in this study. The DC group included 5 male patients, and the HR group 20 patients (F/M=8/12). Mean DC group age was 44.2 years, and 56.8 years for the HR group (p<0.05). GCS, preoperative hematoma volume, shift from the midline, time from the ictus to surgery, and postoperative hematoma volume were similar between both groups. Brain swelling on post-operative [corrected] CT was demonstrated to be mild and delimited within the cranium in the DC group, similar to the HR group. Hospitalization periods increased in the DC group (p<0.05). The m-RS after 3 months was similar for both groups. The factors relevant for m-RS were age, postoperative hematoma volume, and GCS at 24 h after surgery.
Conclusion: Decompressive craniectomy is not necessary for rescue in ICH if the hematoma can be removed completely.