Abstract
Commercial seasonal flu vaccines induce production of antibodies directed mostly towards hemaglutinin (HA). Because HA changes rapidly in the circulating virus, the protection remains partial. Several conserved viral proteins, e.g., nucleocapsid (NP) and matrix proteins (M1), are present in the vaccine, but are not immunogenic. To improve the protection provided by these vaccines, we used nanoparticles made of the coat protein of a plant virus (papaya mosaic virus; PapMV) as an adjuvant. Immunization of mice and ferrets with the adjuvanted formulation increased the magnitude and breadth of the humoral response to NP and to highly conserved regions of HA. They also triggered a cellular mediated immune response to NP and M1, and long-lasting protection in animals challenged with a heterosubtypic influenza strain (WSN/33). Thus, seasonal flu vaccine adjuvanted with PapMV nanoparticles can induce universal protection to influenza, which is a major advancement when facing a pandemic.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Amino Acid Sequence
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Animals
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Biological Transport
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Carica / virology*
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Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / chemistry
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Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / immunology
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Humans
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Immunity, Humoral / immunology
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Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / immunology
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Influenza Vaccines / chemistry*
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Influenza Vaccines / immunology*
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Influenza Vaccines / metabolism
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Interferon-gamma / immunology
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Interferon-gamma / metabolism
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Lymph Nodes / immunology
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Lymph Nodes / metabolism
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Male
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Mice
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Mosaic Viruses / chemistry*
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Mosaic Viruses / immunology*
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Mosaic Viruses / metabolism
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Nanoparticles / virology*
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Seasons
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
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Vaccines, Inactivated / chemistry
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Vaccines, Inactivated / immunology
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Vaccines, Inactivated / metabolism
Substances
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H1N1 virus hemagglutinin
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Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus
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Influenza Vaccines
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Vaccines, Inactivated
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Interferon-gamma