Determination of eight illegal drugs in human urine by combination of magnetic solid-phase extraction with capillary zone electrophoresis

Electrophoresis. 2011 Aug;32(16):2099-106. doi: 10.1002/elps.201100215. Epub 2011 Jul 18.

Abstract

Using magnetite/silica/poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2)/poly(MAA-co-EDMA)) magnetic microspheres, a rapid and high-throughput magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis (MSPE-CZE) method was developed for the determination of illegal drugs (ketamine, amphetamines, opiates, and metabolites). The MSPE of target analytes could be completed within 2 min, and the eight target analytes could be baseline separated within 15 min by CZE with 30 mM phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 2.0) containing 15% v/v ACN as background electrolyte. Furthermore, hydrodynamic injection with field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) was employed to enhance the sensitivity of this MSPE-CZE method. Under such optimal conditions, the limits of detection for the eight target analytes ranged from 0.015 to 0.105 μg/mL. The application feasibility of MSPE-CZE in illegal drugs monitoring was demonstrated by analyzing urine samples, and the recoveries of target drugs for the spiked sample ranging from 85.4 to 110.1%. The method reproducibility was tested by evaluating the intra- and interday precisions, and relative standard deviations of <10.3 and 12.4%, respectively, were obtained. To increase throughput of the analysis, a home-made MSPE array that has potential application to the treatment of 96 samples simultaneously was used.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amphetamines / chemistry
  • Amphetamines / isolation & purification
  • Amphetamines / urine
  • Codeine / chemistry
  • Codeine / isolation & purification
  • Codeine / urine
  • Electrophoresis, Capillary / methods*
  • Ferrosoferric Oxide / chemistry*
  • Humans
  • Illicit Drugs / chemistry
  • Illicit Drugs / isolation & purification
  • Illicit Drugs / urine*
  • Ketamine / chemistry
  • Ketamine / isolation & purification
  • Ketamine / urine
  • Linear Models
  • Microspheres
  • Polyethylene Glycols / chemistry
  • Polymethacrylic Acids / chemistry
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Silicon Dioxide / chemistry
  • Solid Phase Extraction / instrumentation
  • Solid Phase Extraction / methods*
  • Substance Abuse Detection / methods*

Substances

  • Amphetamines
  • Illicit Drugs
  • Polymethacrylic Acids
  • polymethacrylic acid
  • Polyethylene Glycols
  • Ketamine
  • Silicon Dioxide
  • Codeine
  • Ferrosoferric Oxide