Objective: To examine whether prior statin use affects outcome and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) rates in stroke patients receiving IV thrombolysis (IVT).
Methods: In a pooled observational study of 11 IVT databases, we compared outcomes between statin users and nonusers. Outcome measures were excellent 3-month outcome (modified Rankin scale 0-1) and ICH in 3 categories. We distinguished all ICHs (ICH(all)), symptomatic ICH based on the criteria of the ECASS-II trial (SICH(ECASS-II)), and symptomatic ICH based on the criteria of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) trial (SICH(NINDS)). Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
Results: Among 4,012 IVT-treated patients, 918 (22.9%) were statin users. They were older, more often male, and more frequently had hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and concomitant antithrombotic use compared with nonusers. Fewer statin users (35.5%) than nonusers (39.7%) reached an excellent 3-month outcome (OR(unadjusted) 0.84 [0.72-0.98], p = 0.02). After adjustment for age, gender, blood pressure, time to thrombolysis, and stroke severity, the association was no longer significant (0.89 [0.74-1.06], p = 0.20). ICH occurred by trend more often in statin users (ICH(all) 20.1% vs 17.4%; SICH(NINDS) 9.2% vs 7.5%; SICH(ECASS-II) 6.9% vs 5.1%). This difference was statistically significant only for SICH(ECASS-II) (OR = 1.38 [1.02-1.87]). After adjustment for age, gender, blood pressure, use of antithrombotics, and stroke severity, the OR(adjusted) for each category of ICH (ICH(all) 1.15 [0.93-1.41]; SICH(ECASS-II) 1.32 [0.94-1.85]; SICH(NINDS) 1.16 [0.87-1.56]) showed no difference between statin users and nonusers.
Conclusion: In stroke patients receiving IVT, prior statin use was neither an independent predictor of functional outcome nor ICH. It may be considered as an indicator of baseline characteristics that are associated with a less favorable course.