Abstract
Whole genome comparisons identified introgression from archaic to modern humans. Our analysis of highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, vital immune system components subject to strong balancing selection, shows how modern humans acquired the HLA-B*73 allele in west Asia through admixture with archaic humans called Denisovans, a likely sister group to the Neandertals. Virtual genotyping of Denisovan and Neandertal genomes identified archaic HLA haplotypes carrying functionally distinctive alleles that have introgressed into modern Eurasian and Oceanian populations. These alleles, of which several encode unique or strong ligands for natural killer cell receptors, now represent more than half the HLA alleles of modern Eurasians and also appear to have been later introduced into Africans. Thus, adaptive introgression of archaic alleles has significantly shaped modern human immune systems.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Adaptation, Biological
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Alleles
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Animals
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Asian People / genetics
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Black People / genetics
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Evolution, Molecular
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Genes, MHC Class I*
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Genetic Variation
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HLA-A Antigens / genetics*
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HLA-A Antigens / immunology
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HLA-A Antigens / metabolism
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HLA-B Antigens / genetics*
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HLA-B Antigens / immunology
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HLA-B Antigens / metabolism
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HLA-C Antigens / genetics*
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HLA-C Antigens / immunology
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Haplotypes
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Hominidae / genetics*
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Hominidae / immunology*
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Humans
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Hybridization, Genetic*
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Killer Cells, Natural / immunology
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Ligands
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Linkage Disequilibrium
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander / genetics
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Racial Groups / genetics*
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Receptors, KIR / immunology
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Receptors, KIR / metabolism
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Selection, Genetic
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White People / genetics
Substances
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HLA-A Antigens
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HLA-B Antigens
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HLA-B73 antigen
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HLA-C Antigens
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Ligands
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Receptors, KIR
Associated data
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GENBANK/JF974053
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GENBANK/JF974054
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GENBANK/JF974055
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GENBANK/JF974056
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GENBANK/JF974057
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GENBANK/JF974058
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GENBANK/JF974059
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GENBANK/JF974060
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GENBANK/JF974061
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GENBANK/JF974062
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GENBANK/JF974063
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GENBANK/JF974064
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GENBANK/JF974065
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GENBANK/JF974066
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GENBANK/JF974067
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GENBANK/JF974068
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GENBANK/JF974069
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GENBANK/JF974070