Natural killer cell receptor-expressing innate lymphocytes: more than just NK cells

Cell Mol Life Sci. 2011 Nov;68(21):3541-55. doi: 10.1007/s00018-011-0803-6. Epub 2011 Sep 9.

Abstract

Recently, additional subsets that extend the family of innate lymphocytes have been discovered. Among these newly identified innate lymphoid cells is a subset sharing phenotypic characteristics of natural killer cells and lymphoid tissue inducer cells. These cells co-express the transcription factor RORγt and activating NK cell receptors (NKR), but their lineage and functional qualities remain poorly defined. Here, we discuss recent proposals to place these NKR(+)RORγt(+) innate lymphocytes on hematopoietic lineage maps. An overview of the transcriptional circuitry determining fate decisions of innate lymphocytes and a summary of current concepts concerning plasticity and stability of innate lymphocyte effector fates are provided. We will conclude by discussing the function of RORγt-expressing innate lymphocytes during inflammatory bowel diseases and in the immune response to tumors.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Cell Lineage
  • Humans
  • Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / immunology
  • Killer Cells, Natural / immunology
  • Killer Cells, Natural / metabolism*
  • Lymphocytes / immunology
  • Lymphocytes / metabolism*
  • Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 / metabolism
  • Receptors, Natural Killer Cell / metabolism*
  • T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / immunology
  • T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / metabolism

Substances

  • Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3
  • Receptors, Natural Killer Cell