A comparison of parallel and diverging screw angles in the stability of locked plate constructs

J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011 Sep;93(9):1259-64. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.93B9.26721.

Abstract

We investigated the static and cyclical strength of parallel and angulated locking plate screws using rigid polyurethane foam (0.32 g/cm(3)) and bovine cancellous bone blocks. Custom-made stainless steel plates with two conically threaded screw holes with different angulations (parallel, 10° and 20° divergent) and 5 mm self-tapping locking screws underwent pull-out and cyclical pull and bending tests. The bovine cancellous blocks were only subjected to static pull-out testing. We also performed finite element analysis for the static pull-out test of the parallel and 20° configurations. In both the foam model and the bovine cancellous bone we found the significantly highest pull-out force for the parallel constructs. In the finite element analysis there was a 47% more damage in the 20° divergent constructs than in the parallel configuration. Under cyclical loading, the mean number of cycles to failure was significantly higher for the parallel group, followed by the 10° and 20° divergent configurations. In our laboratory setting we clearly showed the biomechanical disadvantage of a diverging locking screw angle under static and cyclical loading.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biomechanical Phenomena
  • Bone Density / physiology
  • Bone Plates
  • Bone Screws*
  • Cattle
  • Equipment Failure Analysis*
  • Femur / surgery
  • Finite Element Analysis*
  • Fracture Fixation, Internal / instrumentation
  • Fracture Fixation, Internal / methods*
  • Hindlimb / surgery
  • Internal Fixators
  • Models, Biological
  • Postoperative Complications / prevention & control
  • Stress, Mechanical