New biologics for rheumatoid arthritis

J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2011 Sep;41(3):234-7. doi: 10.4997/JRCPE.2011.312.

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis with many systemic manifestations. Several monoclonal antibodies targeting different components of the immune systems have been licensed for treatment of RA. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) are found abundantly in the blood and the joints. The biologic effect of IL-6 on leukocyte, osteoclast, hepatocytes and bone marrow may mediate the articular and systemic inflammation in RA. Recently, an anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, tocilizumab, has been licensed for the treatment as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate of moderate to severe RA, when disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or anti-tumour necrosis factors (TNF) have failed. It improves symptoms and signs as well as reducing joint damage. Tocilizumab monotherapy has been shown to be superior to methotrexate. Its side-effects include infections, decrease in neutrophils, and increases in lipid and liver transaminases. Overall, tocilizumab has a well-defined and manageable safety profile that supports a favourable benefit/risk ratio for patients with RA.

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / adverse effects
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / pharmacology
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use*
  • Antirheumatic Agents / pharmacology
  • Antirheumatic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Arthritis, Rheumatoid / drug therapy*
  • Arthritis, Rheumatoid / immunology
  • Arthritis, Rheumatoid / pathology
  • Biological Products / pharmacology
  • Biological Products / therapeutic use*
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Humans
  • Interleukin-6 / immunology*
  • Joints / drug effects*
  • Joints / pathology
  • Methotrexate / therapeutic use
  • Tumor Necrosis Factors / metabolism

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Antirheumatic Agents
  • Biological Products
  • Interleukin-6
  • Tumor Necrosis Factors
  • tocilizumab
  • Methotrexate