Pain induced by a minor medical procedure (bone marrow aspiration) in dogs: comparison of pain scales in a pilot study

J Vet Intern Med. 2011 Sep-Oct;25(5):1050-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00786.x. Epub 2011 Sep 7.

Abstract

Background: Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) is a clinical procedure frequently performed in dogs.

Objective: To compare levels of pain intensity induced by 3 different BMA procedures using several pain scoring instruments.

Animals: Sixteen healthy Beagles.

Methods: A prospective experimental pilot study was conducted using blinded observers. Dogs were randomized into 3 groups: iliac BMA under sedation (Iliac-Sed, n = 4), sternum BMA under sedation (Stern-Sed, n = 4), and sternum BMA on conscious dogs without sedation (Stern-No-Sed, n = 8).

Results: Using the SF-Glasgow pain scale, the overall pain score in the Stern-No-Sed group was lower than that in the Stern-Sed group (P = 0.04). Using the 4A-VET pain scale, the effects of procedures over time on pain scores did not differ between and within groups. An inactivity index indicated that the overall score for the Stern-No-Sed group was significantly lower than the scores for the Stern-Sed and Iliac-Sed groups (P ≤ 0.01). There was a significant association in pain assessment using the SF-Glasgow and 4A-VET pain scales (P = 0.0004). When comparing the SF-Glasgowscale to the 4A-VET pain scale, the scores for the Stern-No-Sed group were lower compared to those of the Stern-Sed scores (P = 0.03). Based on telemetered motor activity, the Iliac-Sed group may have experienced more discomfort during the post-procedural period.

Conclusions and clinical importance: Dogs may experience mild to moderate pain after BMA procedures, and the sternal site should be preferred. The SF-Glasgow pain scale showed better interobserver reliability, but the 4A-VET scale was less biased by sedation.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biopsy, Fine-Needle / adverse effects
  • Biopsy, Fine-Needle / veterinary*
  • Bone Marrow / pathology*
  • Deep Sedation / veterinary
  • Dog Diseases / diagnosis*
  • Dog Diseases / etiology
  • Dogs
  • Female
  • Ilium
  • Male
  • Motor Activity
  • Pain / diagnosis
  • Pain / etiology
  • Pain / veterinary*
  • Pain Measurement / veterinary*
  • Pilot Projects
  • Sternum
  • Telemetry / veterinary